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昆明《大观楼长联》英译
（English Version for A Lengthened Couplet of Kunming Daguanlou Mansion）
广东技术师范学院 金惠康

《大观楼长联》 昆明孙髯翁

五百里滇池，奔来眼底。披襟岸帻，喜茫茫空阔无边! 看：东骧神骏，西翥灵仪，北走蜿蜒，南翔缟素。高人韵士，何妨选胜登临，趁蟹屿螺洲，梳裹就风鬟雾鬓；更苹（萍）天苇地，点缀些翠羽丹霞，莫孤（辜）负四围香稻，万倾碧沙，九夏芙蓉，三春杨柳。

　　数千年往事，注到心头。把酒凌虚，叹滚滚英雄谁在? 想：汉习楼船，唐标铁柱，宋挥玉斧，元跨革囊。伟烈丰功，费尽移山心力，尽珠帘画栋，卷不及暮雨朝云；便断碣残碑，都付与苍烟落照，只赢得几杵疏钟，半江渔火，两行秋雁，一枕清霜。

A Lengthened Couplet of Kunming Daguanlou Mansion
Originally by Sun Ranweng in Kunming，China
English Translated by Jin Huikang & James Beck

The 500-li Dianchi is rushing into sight and so exhilarated am I
to unbutton my coat and headdress，enjoying the vast-stretching
waters! Look around：Mt Jinma like a galloping horse in the east，Mt
Biji resembling a flying phoenix in the west，Mt Hongshan rolling up
and down like a dragon in the north and Mt Crane shrouded in the
transient white clouds in the south. Ascending the height Your
Majesty can enjoy a distant view of the isles made up of crab and
snail shells and the sweeping willow branches in the misty breezes，
endless marshes covered with weeds and reeds and with a few green-
feathered birds perching，all underneath the sky's rosy clouds. I
would have felt very much regretted if I hadn't seen the fragrant
rice paddies and long sandy beaches all around，lotus flowers in full
blossom in summer，and hanging willow branches greened with new
sprouts in spring.
　
The thousand-year-long history is repeating itself in my mind and
a little bit drunk am I looking up to sigh for those historical
heroes，where are they? Think about：terraced warships teemed with
Han soldiers，iron monuments built in memory of the Tang's victory，
territories settled by the first Song emperor with a jade ax and the
whole land conquered by the Yuan tribesmen coming on an expedition on
sheepskin rafts. Gloriously martyred deeds with great efforts in vain
and all grand palaces are gone forever with morning clouds and
evening rains，leaving only broken stone tablets with a few lines of
engraved scripts，all enveloped in the hazy sunset. There left behind
are bronze bells heard occasionally and fishing boats with
flickering lamps seen in the middle of the lake，wild geese leaving
in a hurry in two files in autumn，and only frosted snow all over the
terrains in winter.

我们再来看看此联的汉/英语注释，仅几个典故及人文环境的解说就远长于原对联，这
主要是解说给既懂得中文又知晓英文的中国人听的；若要解说给外国人听，该多长的
“注释”才行? 细想一下，便可知何为“强环境”文化。

1）上联注释：（上下联译文中有几处为了押韵而使用复数）

五百里滇池，奔来眼底：围湖造田后，今滇池南北仅长四十公里。但考虑到本联中所
描写的滇池，仍译为The 500-li Dianchi is rushing into sight. 用rushing
into替代coming into sight，意在动态表达，与汉语“奔来眼底”相对。

　披襟岸帻，喜茫茫空阔无边!：披开衣襟，推（松）开头巾。次处“岸”作动词，意
为“推开”。英文用了倒装和一语双叙手法，and so exhilarated am I to
unbutton my coat and headdress，enjoying the vast-stretching waters!

东骧神骏，西翥灵仪，北走蜿蜒，南翔缟素：在联中指的是环湖的四座山脉：昆明东
郊的金马山（像一匹昂首奔腾的神马）；滇池西面的碧鸡山（似凤凰朝仪）；昆明北
面的洪山（俗称长虫山，蜿蜒如龙蛇）；南有晋宁县的白鹤山（如缟素般的云雾环
绕）。滇池有四（灵）象（四山）环绕，展现了滇池地带地灵人杰景象。汉语为四句
并列，英文同为排比句式，也一气呵成，以求对应：

Mt Jinma like a galloping horse in the east，
　　 Mt Biji resembling a flying phoenix in the west，
Mt Hongshan rolling up and down like a dragon in the north and
Mt Crane shrouded in the transient white clouds in the south.

　高人韵士，何妨选胜登临：本句不难，只是“高人韵士”多指“游方道人和文
（骚）人墨客”，文中也是对慕名前来的游客的一种尊称，因而用了恢谐的尊称
Your Majesty，描述了“游客”（人类）君临天下（美景）的心境。Ascending
the height Your Majesty can enjoy a distant view of …

趁蟹屿螺洲，梳裹就风鬟雾鬓；更苹（萍）天苇地，点缀些翠羽丹霞：蟹屿螺洲是滇
池中蟹螺壳堆成的小岛；鬟：梳成了环形的发。鬓：耳边的垂发。所以本句借用淑女
的鬟鬓在风中的飘扬来指风中摇曳的杨柳枝；“苹（萍）天苇地”指水草和芦苇铺天
盖地，形容多而茂盛；“翠羽丹霞”指的是有翠绿色羽毛的鸟和红色的云彩，应了
“五彩云南”之说。

the isles made up of crab and snail shells and
the sweeping willow branches in the misty breezes，
endless marshes covered with weeds and reeds and
with a few green-feathered birds perching，
all underneath the sky's rosy clouds.

汉语为四句并列；英语句式相同。
孤（辜）负：枉然/对不起。指有如此之美景，不看不欣赏岂不可惜，枉然有此天造地
设之地。英文用了虚拟语句来表达了“要不就要…后悔”，或是“枉然”之意，I
would have felt very much regretted if I hadn't seen …

　九夏芙蓉，三春杨柳：前指夏天的90天，而芙蓉（盛开）为荷花别名；后阙指整个
春季（早春，阳春和暮春）杨柳青青。英语对应为：

the fragrant rice paddies and long sandy beaches all around，
lotus flowers in full blossom in summer，and
hanging willow branches greened with new sprouts in spring.

2）下联注释：(下联翻译的要点是既要对照汉语，还要对应上联的英文的行文风格和
对仗编排。)

数千年往事：对应汉语和上联英文本为 The thousand-year-long history
注到心头：repeating itself in my mind 对应上联 rushing into sight
把酒凌虚，叹滚滚英雄谁在?“把酒凌虚”是指把盏抬头望着太空，意为以酒助兴。
英文略有变通，意为“我略有醉意抬头远眺，为历史上的英雄人物叹息，他们又在哪
儿呢?”本阙对应为a little bit drunk am I looking up to sigh for those
historical heroes，也为倒装。

汉习楼船，唐标铁柱，宋挥玉斧，元跨革囊。指的是在中国历史的四个重大朝代中发
生在云南历史上的四个重大事件（战争）：汉武帝修昆明湖治楼船，以习水战；唐中
宗时，御使唐九徽平吐番之乱，收复滇西北地区，“建铁柱于滇池（此为洱海）以勒
功；宋徽宗准备在大渡河边置城邑与大理互市购买战马，时四川边官宇文常等怕惹麻
烦，就编造了一个宋太祖在版土上以玉斧“画大渡河为境”的谣传；指“忽必烈征大
理过大渡，至金沙江乘皮筏渡”。英语为了行文对应，便于理解，作了变通，意译如
下，也成排比句式。

terraced warships teemed with Han soldiers，
iron monuments built in memory of the Tang's victory，
territories settled by the first Song emperor with a jade ax
and the whole land conquered by the Yuan tribesmen coming on
an expedition on sheepskin rafts.

伟烈丰功，费尽移山心力，尽珠帘画栋，卷不及暮雨朝云，便断碣残碑，都付与苍烟
落照：本阙话锋一转，文辞惊海内，感叹历史如梦幻。英语随汉语文采，占尽便宜：
Gloriously martyred deeds with great efforts in vain and all grand
palaces are gone forever with morning clouds and evening rains，
leaving only broken stone tablets with a few lines of engraved
scripts，all enveloped in the hazy sunset. 英语用了排比、押头韵和尾韵，
读来也朗朗上口，韵味十足。

只赢得几杵疏钟，半江渔火，两行秋雁，一枕清霜。半江乃指湖中。只赢得：（武力
征战）只赢得，也只剩下（惨胜后的）凄凉景象。寥寥数语便表达了诗人对人文历史
变迁的无限感慨。英语紧贴汉语行文风格，力求对等表达：There left behind
are bronze bells heard occasionally and fishing boats with flickering
lamps seen in the middle of the lake，wild geese leaving in a hurry
in two files in autumn，and only frosted snow all over the terrains
in winter.（见金惠康，《上海科技翻译》2002（2）：73-75）

（广东技术师范学院外语系英语语言学课程组）